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| KEY |
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| Sun: F=Full, P=Part, S=Shade |
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| Moisture: D=Dry, A=Average, W=Wet |
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| Comments: A=needs/tolerates acid soil (pH<6.5),
Bi=attracts birds, Bu=attracts butterflies or their caterpillars, |
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| C=colonial (vegetative reproduction), CUT=cut
flowers, DY=flowers/fruits for dried arrangements, D=dioecious |
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| (sexes on different plants) - install 1
male for every 4-5 females, E=evergreen, F=fall color, G=groundcover |
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| H=attracts hummingbirds, T=attractive bark/trunk,
W=high wildlife value |
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| TREES |
TREES |
TREES |
TREES |
TREES |
TREES |
TREES |
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| Common Name |
Scientific Name |
Sun |
Moist. |
Ht. |
Comments |
Other Species |
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| Red Maple |
Acer rubrum |
F-P |
D-W |
40-75' |
(F) crimson; early red flowers in spring; CUT |
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| Striped Maple or Moosewood |
Acer pensylvanicum |
P-S |
A |
15-20' |
T (light stripes);
F (yellow); A |
Acer spicatum |
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| Sugar Maple |
Acer saccharum |
S |
A |
80' |
F (orange); maple syrup |
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| Paw Paw |
Asimina triloba |
P-S |
A-W |
40' |
F(orange); C; unique fruit that resembles and tastes
like banana |
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| River Birch |
Betula nigra |
F |
A-W |
40-70' |
F (yellow); Bi, T (peeling layers, salmon color);
popular in hort trade |
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| Gray Birch |
Betula populifolia |
F-P |
A |
30' |
C; fast growing, short-lived; CUT; T(white w/ black
markings); F(yellow) |
Betula alleghaniensis, B. papyrifera, |
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| Ironwood |
Carpinus caroliniana |
F-S |
A-W |
20-30' |
T (muscular, smooth), F (red-orange); ornamental
catkins with papery bracts, DY; Bu |
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| Shagbark Hickory |
Carya ovata |
F-P |
A |
70-90' |
F (yellow to golden brown); Bi; butterfly larval
plant |
Carya glabra, C. cordiformis, Juglans cinerea |
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| Hackberry |
Celtis occidentalis |
F-P |
D-W |
50-75' |
F (yellow); T (gray smooth to textured); Bi; butterfly
larval plant |
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| Eastern Redbud |
Cercis canadensis |
F |
D |
15-25' |
Pink pea-like blooms in spring along twigs and branches,
CUT; T (smooth, dark) |
There are also white flowered forms. |
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| Fringetree |
Chionanthus virginicus |
F-P |
A |
20' |
D; Delicate fragrant white flowers, spring. Female
plants have small, dark blue fruits like olives; CUT; Bi |
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| Flowering Dogwood |
Cornus florida |
S |
A |
25-30' |
White (or pink) flowers in spring; CUT; T(square
plates); Bi, fruit imp for fall migrant birds |
Cornus alternifolia,
C. rugosa |
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| Common Persimmon |
Diospyros virginiana |
F-P |
A-W |
30-50' |
F(yellow, orange); T (black w/ square furrows); edible
fruits; Bu |
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| American Beech |
Fagus grandifolia |
S |
A |
50-75' |
T (smooth, gray); Bi; tiered branches cast deep shade |
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| White Ash |
Fraxinus americana |
F-P |
A |
60-80' |
F(yellow, maroon, purple); Bu |
Fraxinus pennsylvanica |
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| American Holly |
Ilex opaca |
F-P |
D-A |
20-40' |
Broad leaved E; D; Bi, T (smooth, gray); CUT |
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| Eastern Red Cedar |
Juniperus virginiana |
F-P |
D-A |
30-40' |
Good for screening; E; Bi; W |
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| Sweet Gum |
Liquidambar styraciflua |
F-S |
A-W |
60-100' |
F(orange, scarlet, purple); fruit persistent prickly
balls |
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| Tulip Poplar |
Liriodendron tulipifera |
F |
A |
40-100' |
H; Bu; Showy, tri-colored flowers in May, CUT |
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| Sweetbay Magnolia |
Magnolia virginiana |
P-S |
A-W |
20-30' |
Large, creamy, lemon-scented flowers all summer,
CUT; popular hort plant |
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| Black Gum |
Nyssa sylvatica |
F-P |
A |
40-60' |
Good architecture; F (orange, red, purple); Bi |
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| Pitch Pine |
Pinus rigida |
F |
D |
80-100' |
E; rapid growth; Bi; Tolerates drought |
Pinus echinata, P. resinosa |
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| Eastern White Pine |
Pinus strobus |
F-P |
A |
to 200' |
Long, soft, flexible needles; long female cones;
CUT; popular ornamental; Bi |
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| American Sycamore |
Platanus occidentalis |
F-P |
A-W |
70-100' |
T (white & green mottled); Street trees are different
species - London plane trees |
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| Large Tooth Aspen |
Populus grandidentata |
F |
D-W |
50-70' |
Fast growing, F; leaves flutter in wind |
Populus deltoides, P. tremuloides |
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| White Oak |
Quercus alba |
F-P |
D |
60-100' |
Brown, red, wine F; Bi; W |
Quercus bicolor for wet areas |
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| Scarlet Oak |
Quercus coccinea |
F-P |
D |
75' |
Brilliant scarlet F; rapid growth; Bi; W |
Quercus rubra, Q. velutina, Q. palustris for wet areas |
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| Chestnut Oak |
Quercus prinus |
P |
A |
60-70' |
Acorns; T (dark w/ deep furrows); Dry, thin soils;
W |
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| Post Oak |
Quercus stellata |
F |
D |
60' |
Acorns; T (shaggy, blocky); Common in Pinelands;
W |
Quercus marilandica |
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| Sassafras |
Sassafras albidum |
F-P |
D-A |
30-60' |
Small, fragrant yellow flowers in spring; Fragrant
leaves shaped like mittens; F(orange, pink, scarlet); attractive dark blue
fruits in fall, Bi; CUT; W |
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| Basswood |
Tilia americana |
P-S |
A-W |
60-80' |
Heart-shaped leaves; honey from nectar; CUT; W |
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| SHRUBS |
SHRUBS |
SHRUBS |
SHRUBS |
SHRUBS |
SHRUBS |
SHRUBS |
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| Common Name |
Scientific Name |
Sun |
Moist. |
Ht. |
Comments |
Other Species |
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| Bottlebrush Buckeye |
Aesculus parviflora |
F-S |
A |
4-8' |
C; Large leaves; White spire of flowers in summer;
slow growing |
Aesculus glabra |
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| Smooth Alder |
Alnus serrulata |
F-S |
W |
15-20' |
F(yellow, orange); Bi, DY; C |
Alnus rugosa |
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| Downy Serviceberry |
Amelanchier
arborea |
F-P |
D-A |
15-25' |
Yellow-orange-red F, white flowers April CUT; edible
fruits, Bi |
Amelanchier canadensis, A. laevis |
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| Red Chokeberry |
Aronia arbutifolia |
F-P |
W-A |
5-10' |
White flowers spring, CUT; dark green leaves; bright
red fruit; F(scarlet, orange); C |
Aronia melanocarpa |
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| Groundsel Tree |
Baccharis halimifolia |
F-P |
W |
3-10' |
White flower heads; plumed seeds in fall |
Iva frutescens |
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| New Jersey Tea |
Ceanothus americanus |
P-S |
A |
2-3' |
Clusters of small white-flowers in summer; CUT; deep
purple fruits in fall, Bi |
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| Buttonbush |
Cephalanthus occidentalis |
F-P |
A-W |
3-8' |
Emergent in shallow water; fragrant, globe-like blooms;
Bu |
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| Leatherleaf |
Chamaedaphne calyculata |
F-P |
W |
3' |
A; E; C; Flowers white, spring; Bu |
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| Sweet Pepperbush |
Clethra alnifolia |
F-P |
A-W |
2-4' |
C; White fragrant blooms in summer, CUT; butterfly
larval plant; popular hort plant |
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| Sweet Fern |
Comptonia peregrina |
F |
D |
4' |
A; prostrate, aromatic; C; D; |
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| Red-osier Dogwood |
Cornus sericea |
F-P |
A-W |
3-10' |
White flowers in spring, CUT; twigs, berries turn
red in fall; Bi |
Cornus amomum, C. racemosa for
drier sites |
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| American Hazelnut |
Corylus americana |
F-S |
A |
12-15' |
Edible nuts; Bi; C |
Corylus cornuta |
|
| Cockspur Hawthorn |
Crataegus crus-galli |
F |
D-A |
20-30' |
White flowers in spring, CUT; red fruit in sum, Bi;
red F |
Crataegus uniflora, C. coccinea, C. mollis |
|
| Bush Honeysuckle |
Diervilla lonicera |
S |
D |
3' |
C; fast growth; Yellow & red flowers in summer,
H, CUT; NYC near the southern limit on East coast |
Lonicera canadensis |
|
| Leatherwood |
Dirca palustris |
P |
A |
6' |
Slow growing; Flowers pale yellow, April; F(soft
yellow); attractive architecture in winter |
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| Strawberry-bush |
Euonymus americanus |
S |
A |
7' |
Striking red fruit capsule in fall, CUT |
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| Black Huckleberry |
Gaylussacia baccata |
P-S |
D-A |
1-3' |
Black fruits in summer, edible, Bi; C; A; Bu; W |
Gaylussacia frondosa, G. dumosa |
|
| Witchhazel |
Hamamelis virginiana |
P-S |
D-A |
8-20' |
Multi-stemmed shrub, vase shape with fan-like branches
and smooth gray bark. Unusual yellow flowers in fall, CUT; Bi |
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| False Heather |
Hudsonia tomentosa |
F |
D |
12" |
A; prostrate, E; showy yellow flowers in summer;
G |
Hudsonia ericoides |
|
| Wild Hydrangea |
Hydrangea arborescens |
P |
A |
3-5' |
A; C; fast growth; Large, dark green leaves; Showy
pink & white flowers in summer, CUT; DY |
|
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| Shrubby St. Johnswort |
Hypericum prolificum |
F |
D-A |
3' |
Twiggy habit; Flowers buttercup yellow for 3-4 weeks.
Easy to please shrub |
Hypericum hypericoides, H. stans, H. densiflorum |
|
| Inkberry |
Ilex glabra |
P-S |
A |
4-8' |
Broad leaved E; C; D; Bi. Nearly identical to the
exotic Ilex crenata |
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| Winterberry Holly |
Ilex verticillata |
F-P |
D-A |
6-15' |
Large deciduous leaves; Clusters of bright red berries
on female plants in winter, Bi; D; CUT; very popular horticultural plant |
Ilex laevigata |
|
| Virginia Willow |
Itea virginica |
F-P |
D-W |
3-6' |
White blooms early summer; F(red, orange, maroon) |
|
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| Dwarf Juniper |
Juniperus communis |
F |
D |
6' |
E, aromatic; Bi; G |
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| Mountain Laurel |
Kalmia latifolia |
F-P |
D-W |
9' |
Showy, fragrant white flower clusters; broad-leaved
E; C; A; CUT |
Kalmia angustifolia |
|
| Fetterbush |
Leucothoe racemosa, syn. Eubotrys r. |
F-P |
A-W |
3-13' |
Small, white, bell-shaped flowers late spring; C;
A; CUT |
|
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| Spicebush |
Lindera benzoin |
P-S |
A-W |
8-15' |
Yellow blooms in early spring; leaves fragrant; F(yellow);
Bu (esp for Spicebush Swallowtail) |
|
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| Maleberry |
Lyonia ligustrina |
F-P |
A-W |
6-12' |
Small, white flowers in June; F; A; C; CUT |
Lyonia mariana |
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| Northern Bayberry |
Myrica pensylvanica |
F |
D-A |
5-8' |
Semi-evergreen; transplants well; leaves & berries
fragrant; Bu; DY; Bi |
Myrica cerifera |
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| Shrubby Cinquefoil |
Potentilla fruticosa |
F |
A-W |
3' |
Showy yellow flowers mid-summer |
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| Beach Plum |
Prunus maritima |
F |
D-A |
10' |
White fragrant flowers in spring, CUT; purple edible
fruit, Bi; T (black, good architecture); Bu |
Prunus americana |
|
| White Laurel |
Rhododendron maximum |
P-S |
A-W |
6-10' |
Light pink, fragrant, showy flowers in May; H; C;
A; CUT |
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| Pinkster Azalea |
Rhododendron periclymenoides |
F-P |
A |
6-10' |
Fragrant white flowers in late spring, H; dark green
leaves, open habit; A; CUT |
Rhododendron atlanticum |
|
| Swamp Azalea |
Rhododendron viscosum |
P |
A-W |
5-8' |
F(red & gold); attractive red fruit cluster persists
in winter, DY, Bi; CUT |
Ledum groenlandicum,
Rhododendron canadense |
|
| Staghorn Sumac |
Rhus typhina, syn. R. hirta |
F |
D |
9-15' |
C; D; F(red-orange); Female plants bear showy red
fruit clusters showy in late summer that persist through winter, Bi; DY |
Rhus aromatica, R. copallinum, R. glabra |
|
| Dogberry |
Ribes cynosbati |
F-P |
A-D |
5' |
Stems often prickly, growth rate moderate to fast;
F(yellow to purple); fruit fleshy, pale red, prickly, late summer, Bi |
Ribes hirtellum
(thornless), R. rotundifolium |
|
| Climbing Prairie Rose |
Rosa setigera |
F |
A |
13' |
Climbing, thorny; white & pink, fragrant flowers
in June; deep green compound leaves; red hips (winter), Bi; F; CUT |
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| Prairie Rose |
Rosa carolina |
F |
A |
4-6' |
Pink, fragrant flowers in June; deep green compound
leaves; thorns; red hips (winter), Bi; F; CUT |
Rosa palustris, Rosa virginiana, R. blanda |
|
| Common Blackberry |
Rubus allegheniensis |
F-P |
D-A |
6' |
Thorny; growth rate fast, C; white flowers summer;
edible black fleshy fruit in late summer; Bi |
Rubus occidentalis,
R. flagellaris, R. hispidus |
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| Flowering Raspberry |
Rubus odoratus |
P |
A |
6' |
Thornless; C; fast growth rate;
Maple-shaped light gray-green leaves. Flowers purple, showy, summer; CUT |
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| Pussy Willow |
Salix discolor |
F |
A-W |
6-15' |
A lovely sign of spring - the silvery catkins on
the male plants; D; Bu; CUT; DY |
Salix humilis |
|
| Elderberry |
Sambucus canadensis |
F-P |
A-W |
5-10' |
Divided leaves; white flowers in early summer; C;
growth rate fast. Fruit fleshy, black, late summer; Bi |
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| Meadowsweet |
Spiraea alba |
F |
A-W |
5' |
C; A; Flowers pink,
showy, summer, CUT; Bu. Tough, resilient, fast growing |
Spiraea alba var.
latifolia |
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| Bladdernut |
Staphylea trifolia |
P |
A |
15' |
3-parted leaves; ornamental papery "bladder"
contains seeds in the fall, DY |
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| Canada Yew |
Taxus canadensis |
P-S |
D-A |
6' |
E; slow growth; Red, fleshy fruit, Bi; Long Island
is southern limit on the east coast. |
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| Highbush Blueberry |
Vaccinium corymbosum |
F-P |
A |
6-12' |
F(red); edible fruit, Bi; A; CUT; W |
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| Cranberry |
Vaccinium macrocarpon |
F |
W |
6" |
Trailing, E, edible fruit, Bi; A |
Vaccinium oxycoccos |
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| Early Lowbush Blueberry |
Vaccinium pallidum |
F-P |
D-A |
24" |
Small white bell-shaped flowers in late spring; edible
fruits in summer; F, A; CUT |
Vaccinium angustifolium, V. stamineum |
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| Maple-leaf Viburnum |
Viburnum acerifolium |
F-P |
D-A |
6' |
Pie-shaped clusters of creamy-white flowers; F; CUT;
dark blue fruits in fall, Bi |
Viburnum dentatum |
|
| Hobblebush |
Viburnum alnifolium |
P-S |
A |
6' |
C; Showy, flat clusters of creamy-white flowers;
F; CUT; purple fruits in fall, Bi. Southern limit is Sussex Co, NJ &
Westchester Co, NY |
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| Possumhaw |
Viburnum nudum |
P-S |
W |
5-20' |
Clusters of small white-flowers in summer; CUT; dark
blue fruits in fall, Bi |
Viburnum lentago |
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| Black Haw |
Viburnum prunifolium |
F-P |
A-W |
8-15' |
Creamy-white flowers in spring; dark blue fruits
in fall, Bi |
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| Prickly Ash |
Zanthoxylum americanum |
P-S |
A |
25' |
D; Stems prickly, aromatic; tolerates calcareous
soils; W |
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| WOODY VINES |
WOODY VINES |
WOODY |
VINES |
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WOODY VINES |
WOODY VINES |
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| Common Name |
Scientific Name |
Sun |
Moist. |
Ht. |
Comments |
Other Species |
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| Bearberry |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi |
F |
D |
6" |
C; E; G Fast-creeping mat; F (bronzy red); small
white flowers in late spring; red fruit late summer that persists into winter;
Bu; One of our finest groundcovers and most adaptable species |
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| Dutchman's Pipe |
Aristolochia
macrophylla |
F-S |
A |
6-30' |
Well-behaved woody vine grown for large, shady foliage;
Bu; Must be supported |
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| Trumpet Creeper |
Campsis radicans |
F-P |
D-A |
20-40' |
Shiny dark green, divided leaves; Orange flowers;
H; fast growth; can be aggressive |
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| American Bittersweet |
Celastrus scandens |
P |
A |
20' |
DY, CUT, Fast growing climber; Yellow & orange
capsules in fall, persist in winter, Bi. (Asian bittersweet, a very destructive
invasive vine, is C. orbiculatus). |
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| Purple Clematis |
Clematis occidentalis |
F-P |
A-W |
6' |
Semi-woody climber; C; fast growth; Large, drooping,
satiny leaves (may irritate skin); Flowers violet, showy, spring, CUT; ornamental
seed heads in fall, DY |
Clematis virginiana (virgins bower)
similar to the Asian C. terniflora. Flowers white, profuse. Too aggressive for most gardens. |
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| Trumpet Honeysuckle |
Lonicera sempervirens |
F-P |
A |
15-25' |
Red/yellow trumpet-shaped flowers, H; red berries,
Bi; one of the longest flowering native plants |
Lonicera dioca |
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| Moonseed |
Menispermum canadense |
F-P |
D-A |
12' |
A; C; G; Dark blue berries, poisonous to humans;
W |
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| Partridgeberry |
Mitchella repens |
P-S |
D-A |
8" |
Creeping carpets; E; G; Small white flowers in summer;
scarlet red berries all winter |
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| Virginia Creeper |
Parthenocissus quinquefolia |
F-P |
A |
30-50' |
Excellent red F; blue berries in fall; Bi; fast growth,
can be aggressive; G |
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| Catbrier |
Smilax glauca |
P-F |
D-A |
10-20' |
Thorny vine with small fragrant flowers; Bi |
Smilax rotundifolia,
S. herbacea |
|
| Fox Grape |
Vitis labrusca |
P |
A |
35' |
C; fast growth; Shreddy, reddish-brown bark; Edible,
dark purple fruits in fall; Bi |
Vitis aestivalis,
Vitis riparia |
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| WILDFLOWERS |
WILDFLOWERS |
|
WILDFLOWERS |
WILDFLOWERS |
WILDFLOWERS |
|
| Common Name |
Scientific Name |
Sun |
Moist. |
Ht. |
Comments |
Other Species |
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| Doll's Eyes |
Actaea alba, A. pachypoda |
P-S |
A |
32" |
Showy white berries on bright purple stems in summer.
Plant poisonous
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Actaea rubra |
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| Ramps, Wild Leek |
Allium tricoccum |
P-S |
A |
12" |
Broad, strappy leaves preceed flowers; tuber edible;
spring ephemeral
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Allium canadense |
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| Yellow Giant Hyssop |
Agastache nepetoides |
F-P |
D-A |
3-8" |
Light yellow flowers in late summer, Bu; fast growth;
DY
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Agastache
scrophulariifolia, Teucrium canadense |
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| Blue Star |
Amsonia tabernaemontana |
F-P |
A-W |
2' |
Light blue flowers in May above broad green leaves;
DY; F(yellow, orange); easy garden plant |
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| Rue Anemone |
Anemonella thalictroides |
P-S |
A |
6" |
Upright white blooms aloft delicate foliage; spring
ephemeral; C |
Anemone quinquefolia, A. canadensis |
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| Field Pussytoes |
Antennaria neglecta |
F-P |
D-A |
6" |
Semi-evergreen mat of gray-green leaves, G; small
white flowers like cotton swabs in spring; larval food plant of American
Lady butterfly, Bu |
Antennaria plantaginifolia
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| Wild Columbine |
Aquilegia canadensis |
F-P |
D-A |
1-2.5' |
Unique red and yellow flowers, H; Finely textured
foliage; popular garden plant |
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| Jack-in-the-Pulpit |
Arisaema triphyllum |
P-S |
A |
12+" |
Unusual flowers in Mar-May; red berries late summer-fall |
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| Wild Ginger |
Asarum canadensis |
P-S |
A |
6" |
Large, heart-shaped leaves; G |
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| Swamp Milkweed |
Asclepias incarnata |
F |
A-W |
12-36" |
Pink flowers summer, CUT; Bu; larval food plant of
Monarch butterflies, Bu; DY |
Asclepias purpurascens |
|
| Butterfly Weed |
Asclepias tuberosa |
F |
D-A |
2-3' |
Brilliant orange flowers, CUT; Bu, larval food plant
of Monarch butterflies, Bu; DY |
|
|
| Blue Wood Aster |
Aster cordifolius, syn. Symphyotrichum cordifolium |
P-S |
D-A |
1-3' |
Blue-lavender flowers in fall, Bu; fast growth |
Aster divaricatus, syn. Eurybia divaricata |
|
| New England Aster |
Aster novae-angliae, syn. Symphyotrichum n-a. |
F |
A |
3-7' |
Bright lavender flowers with yellow centers late
summer; Bu; CUT |
Aster novi-belgii,
syn. Symphyotrichum n-b. |
|
| Smooth Blue Aster |
Aster laevis, syn. Symphyotrichum laeve |
F |
D |
3' |
Showy blue flowers in late summer; Bu; lovely blue-green
foliage; CUT |
Aster spectabilis, syn. Eurybia s.; A. concolor, syn. Symphyotrichum |
|
| False Indigo |
Baptisia australis |
F-P |
D-A |
3-6' |
Blue spikes of pea-shaped flowers in spring, Bu;
3-parted leaves; slow growth; DY |
Baptisia tinctoria |
|
| False Aster |
Boltonia asteroides |
F |
D-W |
4' |
Our native daisy! Tall plant with white or pink flowers
in fall |
|
|
| Marsh Marigold |
Caltha palustris |
F |
W |
1-2' |
Bright yellow flowers; spring ephemeral (N.B. very
similar to exotic invasive lesser celandine {Ranunculus
ficaria}) |
Senecio aureus |
|
| Harebell |
Campanula rotundifolia |
P |
D-A |
8-14" |
Blue bell-shaped blooms throughout growing season;
CUT |
|
|
| Cutleaf Toothwort |
Cardamine concatenata |
P |
A-W |
8-16" |
Terminal clusters of four-petaled white or pinkish
flowers; Bu; spring ephemeral |
Cardamine diphylla |
|
| Blue Cohosh |
Caulophyllum thalictroides |
P-S |
A |
1-2' |
Blue-green toothed leaves; blue berries in cluster;
late spring flws; poisonous |
|
|
| White Turtlehead |
Chelone glabra |
F-P |
A |
1-3' |
Narrow, long leaves; white flowers bloom late summer,
CUT; Bu |
Chelone lyonii |
|
| Green-and-Gold |
Chrysogonum virginianum |
F-P |
A |
6-12" |
Yellow blooms early spring through summer; dark green
broad leaves; C; Bu; G |
|
|
| Maryland Golden Aster |
Chrysopsis mariana |
F |
D |
2-3' |
Bright yellow clusters of daisy-like flowers in summer,
Bu; slow growth |
Chrysopsis falcata,
syn. Pityopsis falcata |
|
| Black Cohosh |
Cimicifuga racemosa |
P-S |
A |
3-5' |
Attractive, divided leaves; Long slender candle-like
clusters of white flowers in summer, Bu |
|
|
| Spring Beauty |
Claytonia virginica |
F-S |
A |
3-5' |
Pink-white flowers spring; linear, strapy leaves;
spring ephemeral |
Claytonia caroliniana |
|
| Bluebead Lily |
Clintonia umbellulata |
P-S |
A |
12" |
A; yellow flw spg; does well under conifers |
Clintonia borealis |
|
| Canada Horsebalm |
Collinsonia canadensis |
P-S |
A |
3-4' |
C; Large leaves smell of citronella; small flowers
pale yellow and sweet smelling in late summer |
|
|
| Tickseed |
Coreopsis lanceolata |
F-P |
D-A |
12-36" |
Gold flws on tall stems in early summer; Common in
wildflwr seed mixes |
Coreopsis rosea, C. tripteris
|
|
| Bunchberry |
Cornus canadensis |
P-S |
A |
6" |
A; G; Sweet, white dogwood flowers late summer above
a whorl of leaves |
|
|
| Pink corydalis |
Corydalis sempervirens |
F-P |
D-A |
24" |
Wintergreen annual or biennial; pink& yellow
flws, tolerates calcareous soils. Good for rock gardens |
Corydalis aurea |
|
| Hoary Tick Trefoil |
Desmodium canescens |
F-P |
D-A |
4.5' |
White flws mid-summer; Bu |
Desmodium glutinosum, D. rotundifolium, D. viridiflorum |
|
| Dutchman's Breeches |
Dicentra cucullaria |
S |
A |
1' |
White-yellow flowers resemble pantaloons in spring,
attractive lacy leaves; C; spring ephemeral |
Dicentra canadensis |
|
| Fringed Bleeding Heart |
Dicentra eximia |
F-P |
A |
12-18" |
Attractive foliage and pink and white flowers growing
in mounds |
|
|
| Purple Coneflower |
Echinacea purpurea |
F |
D-A |
3' |
Large, daisy-like flowers with reflexed rose-purple
petals, Bu; Bi (goldfinches eat seeds); CUT; DY |
Echinacea pallida |
|
| Fireweed |
Epilobium angustifolium |
F |
D-A |
4-6' |
Fast growth; showy, magenta flws; C; CUT; DY |
An excellent substitute for the noxious weed, Lythrum salicaria, purple loosestrife. |
|
| Yellow Trout Lily |
Erythronium americanum |
P-S |
A |
3-6" |
Large, six-petalled yellow flowers |
Erythronium albidum |
|
| Mistflower |
Eupatorium coelestinum, syn. Conoclinium c. |
F-P |
A |
1-3' |
Dense clusters of starry, periwinkle flowers late
summer, Bu; CUT |
Pluchea purpurascens |
|
| Hollow Joe-Pye Weed |
Eupatorium fistulosum |
F |
A |
3-10' |
Pinkish-purple clusters above lance-like whorled
leaves, Bu (swallowtails); CUT |
Eupatorium dubium, E. maculatum, E. purpureum |
|
| White Snakeroot |
Eupatorium rugosum,
syn. Ageratina altissima |
F-P |
D-A |
2-4' |
Flat-top clusters of small white starry flowers in
fall, C; Bu; fast growth. |
Eupatorium perfoliatum, E. hyssopifolium |
|
| Queen of the Prairie |
Filipendula rubra |
F-P |
A-W |
3-7' |
Airy tufts of pink flws in summer; CUT; Endangered
in the wild in our region |
|
|
| Fringed Gentian |
Gentianopsis crinita |
F-P |
A-W |
3' |
Biennial; Spectacular blue-violet flowers in fall,
CUT |
Gentiana andrewsii, G. clausa |
|
| Wild Geranium |
Geranium maculatum |
F-S |
A |
1-2' |
1" lavender-purple flowers in spring and summer;
divided foliage; G |
Geranium carolinianum |
|
| Sweet Everlasting |
Gnaphalium obtusifolium, syn. Pseudognaphalium o. |
F |
D |
3' |
Aromatic leaves; small, scaly white flowers in late
summer, DY; Bu |
Anaphalis margaritacea |
|
| Swamp Sunflower |
Helianthus angustifolius |
F |
A-W |
6' |
Yellow flowers in late summer, Bu, CUT; DY |
Helianthus decapetalus, Bidens laevis
|
|
| Round-lobed Hepatica |
Hepatica americana |
P-S |
A |
6" |
Delicate blue-lavender flowers in March-April. Beautiful
semi-evergreen, mottled leaves unfurl after petals have dropped. Spring
ephemeral |
Hepatica acutiloba |
|
| Cow Parsnip |
Heracleum lanatum |
F-P |
A-W |
10' |
Flat, white floral panicle; wooly leaves; Bu; DY |
Osmorhiza claytonii,
O. longistylis |
|
| Alumroot |
Heuchera americana |
F-P |
A |
1-3' |
Grn-purp bell-shaped flwrs on leafless stalk (spr-sum),
G |
|
|
| Rose Mallow |
Hibiscus moscheutos |
F |
A |
4-7' |
Large, white or pink flowers in summer; CUT; DY |
Kosteletzkya virginica |
|
| Azure Bluet, Quaker Ladies |
Houstonia caerulea |
F-P |
D-W |
4" |
G; tiny blue flws in spring; common in lawns |
Houstonia longifolia, H. purpurea
|
|
| Broad-Leaved Waterleaf |
Hydrophyllum canadense |
P-S |
A-W |
20" |
Purple-white flws summer |
Hydrophyllum virginianum |
|
| Yellow Star Grass |
Hypoxis hirsuta |
F-P |
D-A |
6" |
Grass-like leaves; 6-petaled yellow flowers in early
summer |
|
|
| Crested Dwarf Iris |
Iris cristata |
P-S |
A |
16" |
Sword-shaped, blue-green leaves with showy violet-blue
flowers in April; CUT; G |
Iris verna |
|
| Blue Flag Iris |
Iris versicolor |
F-P |
W |
2-3' |
Sword-shaped, blue-green leaves with showy violet-blue
flowers in early summer; CUT; DY |
Iris prismatica |
|
| Round-headed Bushclover |
Lespedeza capitata |
F-P |
D-A |
4' |
DY, Bu; Creamy white, pea-like flowers with a magenta
spot at base in dense, rounded heads in late summer |
Lespedeza intermedia,
L. procumbens, L. repens |
|
| Rough Blazing Star |
Liatris aspera |
F-P |
D-A |
3-5' |
Spikes of pink-purple flowers late summer; CUT; Bu;
Bi (seeds); DY |
Liatris pycnostachya var. pycnostachya, L. spicata
|
|
| Turk's Cap Lily |
Lilium superbum |
F |
A |
6-10' |
Whorls of lance-shaped leaves, purple-mottled stems;
in summer up to 40 showy red-orange blossoms; H; CUT; DY |
|
|
| Wood Lily |
Lilium philadelphicum |
F-P |
D-A |
32" |
Bright orange showy flws, CUT |
Lilium canadense |
|
| Sea Lavender |
Limonium carolinianum |
F |
A-W |
12" |
Delicate, blue-lavender flowers bloom in summer,
CUT; DY; Rosette of fleshy leaves |
|
|
| Cardinal flower |
Lobelia cardinalis |
F-P |
W |
3-5' |
Terminal clusters of bright red flowers 1.5"
long in fall |
|
|
| Great Blue Lobelia |
Lobelia siphilitica |
F-P |
A-W |
1-3' |
Elongated cluster of pale-dark blue flwrs late sum-fall |
Lobelia spicata |
|
| Seedbox |
Ludwigia alternifolia |
F-P |
A-W |
3' |
Large, 4-petaled flws; DY |
|
|
| Wild Blue Lupine, Sundial Lupine |
Lupinus perennis |
F-P |
D |
12-30" |
Spire of blue-violet, pea-shaped flowers, Bu; Attractive,
dissected leaves; CUT |
|
|
| Canada Mayflower |
Maianthemum
canadense |
P-S |
A |
8" |
Small, oval leaves grow slowly, G; small spire of
white flowers in spring, red berries in summer |
|
|
| Indian Cucumber Root |
Medeola virginiana |
S |
A |
18" |
Long leaves in 2 whorls around the stem; small greenish
flowers, purple berries; late spring |
|
|
| Virginia Bluebells |
Mertensia virginica |
P-S |
A-W |
1-2' |
Nodding, pale blue flowers; CUT; spring ephemeral |
|
|
| Scarlet Bee Balm (Oswego Tea) |
Monarda didyma |
F-P |
A |
1-3' |
Minty fragrant foliage; bright red, tubular flowers;
Bu; CUT |
|
|
| Wild Bergamot |
Monarda fistulosa |
F-P |
A |
1-3' |
Minty fragrant foliage; violet, tubular flowers;
Bu; CUT |
Monarda media |
|
| Horsemint |
Monarda punctata |
F-P |
A |
1-3' |
Minty fragrant foliage; pink-beige-purple-brown spotted,
tubular flowers; Bu; CUT |
|
|
| Evening Primrose |
Oenothera biennis |
F-P |
D-A |
2-6' |
Lemon colored flowers open at twilight; very hardy;
fast growth; CUT; DY |
Oenothera fruticosa,
O. perennis |
|
| Prickly Pear Cactus |
Opuntia humifusa |
F-P |
D-A |
6-18" |
Beautiful yellow flowers; edible fruits & paddles;
G; Our only native cactus |
|
|
| Violet Wood Sorrel |
Oxalis violacea |
P-S |
A |
16" |
Showy violet flws; interesting foliage; great for
rock gardens |
|
|
| Allegheny Spurge |
Pachysandra procumbens |
P-S |
A |
9-12" |
Attractive foliage, two-toned leaves, G; Native to
PA and south, the one sold at nurseries is from Japan and can be invasive |
|
|
| Tall White Beardtongue |
Penstemon digitalis |
F-P |
A |
30-50" |
Long blooming white flowers in summer |
Penstemon hirsutus, P. pallidus |
|
| Summer Phlox |
Phlox paniculata |
F-P |
A-W |
24-48" |
Attractive fall flowers attract butterflies |
Phlox divaricata |
|
| Creeping Phlox |
Phlox stolonifera |
P-S |
A |
6" |
White, pink, violet flws; G |
Phlox subulata |
|
| Clammy Ground Cherry |
Physalis heterophylla |
F-P |
D-A |
3' |
C; smallish flws resemble tomato; fleshy fruits;
DY |
Physalis longifolia, P. pubescens |
|
| Mayapple |
Podophyllum peltatum |
P-S |
A |
12-18" |
Tall, umbrella-like leaves; solitary white bloom
in spring; C; G |
|
|
| Jacob's Ladder |
Polemonium reptans |
P-S |
A |
1' |
Terminal clusters of light blue bell-shaped flws;
easily naturalizes |
|
|
| Solomon's Seal |
Polygonatum biflorum |
P-S |
A |
2-3' |
Tall, arching stems; small bell-shaped white flowers
late spring; red berries in summer. Common garden plant |
Polygonatum pubescens,
Smilacina racemosa, Streptopus amplexifolius, S. roseus |
|
| Virginia Jumpseed |
Polygonum virginianum |
F-S |
D-A |
3-4' |
Large foliage, insignificant white flowers; good
as textural interest in garden |
|
|
| Pickerel-Weed |
Pontederia cordata |
F-P |
W |
3' |
Lustrous foliage, spike of blue flws summer; W; C |
|
|
| Old Field Cinquefoil |
Potentilla simplex |
F-P |
D-A |
24" |
Semi-evergreen, divided leaves; G; small yellow flowers
early summer |
Potentilla anserina, P. canadensis |
|
| Hoary Mountainmint |
Pycnanthemum
incanum |
F-P |
D-A |
3' |
Very small, white-lavender flowers, Bu; fragrant
thyme/mint leaves; DY |
Pycnanthemum muticum, P. virginianum
|
|
| Meadow Beauty |
Rhexia virginica |
F-P |
A-W |
3' |
Unusual 4-petaled rose flws summer |
Rhexia mariana |
|
| Brown-eyed Susan |
Rudbeckia fulgida |
F-P |
A |
5' |
Gold & chocolate flowers in fall, CUT; DY; Bu |
R. hirta, R. laciniata |
|
| Bloodroot |
Sanguinaria canadensis |
S |
A |
6-10" |
Showy white flowers in April; unique leaves; spring
ephemeral |
|
|
| Common Pitcher Plant |
Sarracenia purpurea |
F-P |
W |
12" |
A; unusual leaves collect insects for food; purple
flws in spg; found in bogs |
|
|
| Early Saxifrage |
Saxifraga virginiensis |
F-P |
D-A |
4" |
Small, white flws in spring; good for rock gardens;
Bu |
|
|
| Downy Skullcap |
Scutellaria incana |
F-P |
D-A |
2-3' |
Showy blue flowers in late summer; Bu; lovely blue-green
foliage; CUT |
Scutelaria integrifolia |
|
| Fire Pink |
Silene virginica |
F-P |
D-A |
20" |
Scarlet flws in summer; H; good for rock gardens |
Silene caroliniana, S. stellata
|
|
| Stout Blue-eyed Grass |
Sisyrinchium angustifolium
|
F-P |
A-W |
20" |
Thin, grassy foliage; iris-blue flowers in early
summer |
Sisyrinchium atlanticum, S. mucronatum |
|
| Bluestem Goldenrod |
Solidago caesia |
F-S |
D-A |
1-3' |
Stems are studded with clusters of tiny yellow flowers;
Bu |
Solidago bicolor, S. flexicaulis |
|
| Sweet Goldenrod |
Solidago odora |
P |
D |
1-2' |
Anise-scented leaves; showy yellow floral cluster
in fall, Bu; CUT; DY |
Solidago juncea,
S. nemoralis |
|
| Seaside Goldenrod |
Solidago sempervirens |
F |
A |
1-8' |
Fleshy leaves, rather large yellow flowers early
fall; CUT; DY; Bu |
Solidago rugosa |
|
| Celandine Poppy |
Stylophorum diphyllum |
S |
A |
18" |
Bright green leaves with toothed margins; showy lemon-yellow
flowers in spring; spring ephemeral |
|
|
| Amrican Bur-reed |
Sparganium americanum |
F-P |
W |
3' |
C; grasslike; flws bur-shaped; W |
Sparganium eurycarpum |
|
| Skunk Cabbage |
Symplocarpus
foetidus |
F-P |
A-W |
2' |
C; unusual flws in Feb/Mar; large, showy leaves |
|
|
| Virginia Spiderwort |
Tradescantia virginiana |
F-P |
A |
18-36" |
Grass-like leaves & 3-petaled violet-blue flowers |
|
|
| Foamflower |
Tiarella cordifolia |
P-S |
A |
6-12" |
E; G; feathery flowers spring |
Mitella diphylla |
|
| Wake Robin |
Trillium erectum |
S |
A |
16" |
Flowers dark red, large and showy, April-June. Spreads
slowly. Our hardiest trillium. |
Trillium grandiflorum,
T. undulatum, T. cernuum |
|
| Bellwort |
Uvularia perfoliata |
P-S |
A |
12" |
Yellow, bell shaped flowers in late spring; C |
Uvularia grandiflora, U. sessilifolia, Disporum lanuginosum |
|
| False Hellebore |
Veratrum viride |
P-S |
A-W |
4-6' |
Grn-yellow flws spg; showy, pleated foliage |
|
|
| Blue Vervain |
Verbena hastata |
F-P |
A-W |
5' |
Elongated leaves; flowers blue in terminal spikes
in summer; Bu |
Verbena stricta |
|
| New York Ironweed |
Vernonia noveboracensis |
F-P |
W |
4-6' |
Deep reddish purple flowers clustered in flat panicles
in late summer; Bu |
|
|
| CulverÕs Root |
Veronicastrum virginicum
|
F |
A-W |
6' |
Spikes of light blue to white flowers, June-Sept,
Bu, CUT; easy garden plant |
Cimicifuga racemosa |
|
| Birdfoot Violet |
Viola pedata |
F-P |
D-A |
6" |
Flowers lilac-violet with conspicuous orange centers
in spring, Bu; divided foliage. Good for rock gardens |
Viola brittoniana |
|
| Yellow Forest Violet |
Viola pubescens |
P-S |
A |
8" |
Showy yellow flowers
early spring, Bu |
Viola blanda,
V. rotundifolia |
|
| Canada Violet |
Viola canadensis |
P-S |
D-A |
8" |
White-lavender flowers early spring, Bu, G; Fast
growth |
Viola rostrata, V. palmata |
|
| Barren Strawberry |
Waldsteinia fragarioides |
F-P |
A |
8" |
Creamy yellow flowers; Bu; G |
|
|
| Golden Alexanders |
Zizia aurea |
F-P |
D-A |
32" |
Showy yellow flowers
summer, Bu |
Zizia aptera |
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| FERNS |
FERNS |
FERNS |
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FERNS |
FERNS |
FERNS |
|
| Common Name |
Scientific Name |
Sun |
Moist. |
Ht. |
Comments |
Other Species |
|
| Maidenhair Fern |
Adiantum pedatum |
P-S |
A |
18-36" |
A delicate spiral of airy leaflets on black, wiry
stems. Spreads slowly; one of our most beautiful native ferns |
|
|
| Lady Fern |
Athyrium filix-femina |
S |
A-W |
18-24" |
Delicate & lacy arching fronds, red stems at
maturity; slowly creeping; C, G |
|
|
| Hay-Scented Fern |
Dennstaedtia punctilobula |
F-P |
A |
32" |
C; G; aggressive spreader, not clump forming, leaves
sweet smelling |
|
|
| Toothed Wood Fern |
Dryopteris carthusiana |
P-S |
A-W |
24" |
E; grayish-green deeply cut leathery fronds; forms
clumps; C; G |
Dryopteris cristata, D. clintoniana, D. goldiana |
|
| Marginal Wood Fern |
Dryopteris marginalis |
P-S |
A-W |
18-24" |
Lacy cut blue-green fronds; forms clumps; C; G |
Dryopteris intermedia |
|
| Ostrich Fern |
Matteuccia struthiopteris |
P-S |
A-W |
4-6' |
Large, vase-shaped clusters, persistent reproductive
fronds; C; DY |
|
|
| Sensitive Fern |
Onoclea sensibilis |
F-P |
W |
12-24" |
Showy reproductive fronds, a cluster of small black
beads. Does well in full sun, but keep moist, itÕs sensitive to drought;
aggressive spreader; C; G; DY |
|
|
| Interrupted Fern |
Osmunda claytoniana |
S |
A-W |
3-4' |
Fertile leaflets interrupt the fronds; light green
circular clusters of leaves |
Osmunda cinnamomea |
|
| Royal Fern |
Osmunda regalis |
P |
A-W |
2-5' |
Bi-pinnate blade; pinnae resemble locust tree leaves;
clump forming |
|
|
| Common Polypody Fern |
Polypodium virginianum |
P-S |
A-W |
12" |
E; C; Easily grows on thin layers of organic soil. |
|
|
| Christmas Fern |
Polystichum acrostichoides |
P-S |
A |
12-36" |
E; Easy to cultivate. Attractive year-round, low
maintenance, long-lived, clump forming |
|
|
| Bracken Fern |
Pteridium aquilinum |
F-P |
D-A |
2-3' |
Fronds divided into 3 segments, held aloft on a wiry
stem; not clumped; aggressive spreader; C |
|
|
| New York Fern |
Thelypteris
noveboracensis |
P |
A |
18" |
C; G; aggressive spreader, not clump forming. |
|
|
| Broad Beech-Fern |
Thelypteris
hexagonoptera (=Phegopteris h.) |
P |
A |
24" |
C, S; Fronds nearly triangular in outline. Spreads
slowly; can form large patches in shade |
Thelypteris phegopteris |
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| GRASSES |
SEDGES |
& |
RUSHES |
|
GRAMINOIDS |
GRAMINOIDS |
|
| Common Name |
Scientific Name |
Sun |
Moist. |
Ht. |
Comments |
Other Species |
|
| Sideoats Grama |
Bouteloua
curtipendula |
F |
D-A |
30" |
One sided oat-like spikes; narrow, bluish-gray leaves
in dense clump. F(golden brown, orange). Bi; CUT; DY |
|
|
| Blue Wood Sedge |
Carex flaccosperma |
P-S |
A |
12" |
Broad, waxy gray-green leaves; Blooms and fruits
May-June; BU |
Carex plantaginea |
|
| Pennsylvania Sedge |
Carex pensylvanica |
P |
A |
20" |
Thin, long, draping clumps of leaves; Bu, C, G |
Carex swanii,
C. umbellata |
|
| Tussock Sedge |
Carex stricta |
F-P |
A-W |
2-3' |
Densely tufted, forming permanent, low tussocks.
Blooms and fruits May-Aug. Butterfly larval plant |
|
|
| River Oats |
Chasmanthium latifolium |
F-P |
A |
48" |
F (copper); DY; CUT |
|
|
| Common Hairgrass |
Deschampsia
flexuosa |
P-S |
D-A |
36" |
Leaves shorter than wiry, delicate flowering stems;
DY |
|
|
| Three-way Sedge |
Dulichium arundinaceum |
F-P |
W |
1-2' |
Will thrive in up to 2" standing water; resembles
short bamboo; C; BU |
|
|
| Virginia Wild Rye |
Elymus virginicus |
P-S |
D-A |
3' |
Distinguished by relatively stiff, erect spikes in
summer |
Elymus canadensis |
|
| Bottlebrush Grass |
Elymus hystrix
(Hystrix patula) |
F-P |
A |
3-5' |
Stems in small tufts. Blooms and fruits summer; DY |
|
|
| Purple Love Grass |
Eragrostis spectabilis |
F |
A |
18-24" |
Fluffy clouds of bronze-red inflorescences in fall;
CUT; DY |
Eragrostis capillaris |
|
| Canada Rush |
Juncus canadensis |
F-P |
A-W |
3' |
Rapid growth; green foliage & flower |
|
|
| Smooth Rush |
Juncus effusus |
F-P |
A-W |
3' |
Bright green cylindrical sheath-like stems; brownish
inflorescence peeks out |
|
|
| Common Wood Rush |
Luzula multiflora |
F-P |
A |
4-6" |
Leaves reddish in bloom. Flowers dense early spring.
Late spring fruits, dispersed by ants |
Luzula acuminata |
|
| Wire-stem Muhly |
Muhlenbergia frondosa |
F-P |
A |
40" |
Leaves dull blue-green; G; blooms fall |
Muhlenbergia
schreberi |
|
| Switch Panic Grass |
Panicum virgatum |
F-P |
D-W |
4-6' |
Leaves bluish green, F(gold); grows in clumps |
|
|
| Little Bluestem |
Schizachyrium scoparium |
F-P |
D-A |
2-4' |
F(copper, orange) in fall; CUT; DY; Bu |
Andropogon virginicus, A. gerardii |
|
| Wool Grass |
Scirpus cyperinus |
F |
W |
3-5' |
Clumping grass-like perennial; long, slender leaves;
wooly brown seed heads in fall; CUT |
Juncus canadensis |
|
| Yellow Indian Grass |
Sorghastrum nutans |
F-P |
D-A |
3-6' |
Foliage green-blue; F(gold/orange/bronze); inflorescence
gold-brown; CUT; DY |
|
|
| Tall Dropseed |
Sporobolus asper |
F-P |
D-A |
4' |
Stems tufted. Blooms and fruits Aug.-Oct. Inflorescence
purplish, cylindrical |
Sporobolus neglectus,
S. vaginiflorus |
|
| Eastern Gama Grass |
Tripsacum dactyloides |
F-P |
A-W |
9' |
C; Showy purple & orange flowers in summer, CUT;
Host to larva of a rare moth (Amphipoea erepta) |
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